Tuesday, February 23, 2010

A Note on the Ending of *The Life of Black Hawk*

Ending?

I found the ending to Black Hawk very unsatisfying. I felt the book
had a strange change in tone after the Battle of Bad Axe. When Black
Hawk went to visit the Great Father, it seemed that nothing the he or
his chieftains could do was wrong; they all treated Black Hawk with
extreme ‘generosity’ and ‘kindness. Black Hawk marvels at the
ingenuity of building a railroad and says that the white people were
deserving of praise. Suddenly Black Hawk has transformed from being a
tenacious and brave war chief, wondering at the morality of a people
who would preach “do unto others as you would have done to you” and
then take someone else’s land and slaughter their people, into a
cheerful and grateful tourist. Black Hawk had repeatedly emphasized
the importance of seeking vengeance for those who had died at the
hands of an enemy, but after the slaughter of many men and women of
his tribe he seemed all to ready to enter into friendship with the
Americans. He also seems to emphasize in the last pages the
trustworthiness of the Americans, although it is evident that the
Americans were anything but fatherly or trustworthy to his people.
I thought it was interesting that at one point Black Hawk says that the
Americans killed many women and children during battle, and that they
had cowardly allowed Sioux to do the same. Interestingly, he later has
to justify that he never killed white women and children to the American people.

It seemed to me that Black Hawk has criticisms for other aspects
of the white culture, until he is defeated and all of the faults of the
Americans are forgotten. Instead, it is Black Hawk who must prove
himself to the whites. It reminded me of another rare directly critical
passage where Black Hawk says that the whites can commit as many
indiscretions as they want, but will be forgiven if they repent later,
while Indians must be good at all times. In light of that, I think that
this work was not written to be a seething commentary of the injustices
done to the Indians with reconciliation at the end, although at times
Black Hawk does interrupt the rather dry text with questions of morality
and criticisms of the whites. It is clear that even these interjections
are overshadowed by descriptions of the “Good Father”. I think that the
work could function rather as a vindication of the Indian’s goodness in
the eyes of the American reader.

I did not enjoy reading this book overall. I did not expect Black Hawk to
end with solicitations of friendship and gratitude for the way he was
received by the whites after his defeat. It was hard to read the ending
because I felt as though it differed so completely with where I thought
the narrative was going.

4 comments:

  1. ~ from J. L.

    The ending of The Life of Black Hawk was very peculiar given his claims of
    having anger and resentment towards the white people for their wrongdoings toward
    his people. Black Hawk’s actions in the end- admiring the white culture and being open
    to friendship- seems very contradicting to his previous promises of revenge towards
    the white people. Because Black Hawk’s autobiography lacks emotion to emphasize a
    straight- and rather dull- narrative of his actions and accomplishments, the readers
    lose understanding of Black Hawk’s sudden shift of acceptance of the white people. In
    other words, Black Hawk chooses not to convey his emotions in his narrative, either
    in pursuit of a focused account of his life or because of the Indian culture where
    men typically hold back their emotion. As a result of the lack of emotions, the
    audience is lost when Black Hawk suddenly changes his perception because he does not
    reveal his feelings.

    However, Black Hawk is not alone in his conflicting attitudes towards the white
    people. Zitkala-Sa in American Indian Stories and Winnemuccain Life Among the Piutes
    also exhibit similar behavior because they are caught between their Indian culture
    and western civilization. On one hand, they have an obligation to help their
    Indian people and preserve their lands from the inevitable invasion of white
    settlers. On the other, they have to look out for themselves as an individual to
    survive by adapting or conforming to western culture. The people caught in the cross
    between the two worlds experience complicated emotions as a result of the
    intertwining obligations towards themselves and their people. As a result, it is
    very difficult to understand their sudden shifts in perspective.

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  2. I defintely agree that there was a severe shift in tone during the closing of the book, but I feel that it can be explained by examining the circumstances of the writer and the purpose of this autobiography. Black Hawk told his story to a translator after he had assimilated into the white culture and after he had already accepted defeat. The Editor Preface and Introduction to the book explain to the reader that Black Hawk's intentions of the book are to explain to the white men his train of thought for going to war with them. He explains that, in retrospect, he is not upset at the white man for all of his injustices. Black Hawk understands that, given the circumstances, the white man's dominence was inevitable. Therefore, any resentment towards the race during the majority of the book serves to convey his feelings at the time. However, at the closing of the book, his tone changes to reflect the fact that he is now comfortable with the current situation whether it be by choice or by force.

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  3. The ending to Black Hawk is very unique indeed. His new outlook on the whites was very contradictory to what he had earlier displayed in his autobiography. I think a large part in why so many people get confused while reading the ending to his autobiography is the fact that he does not truly convey his emotions. This disconnection with the audience is a factor in how abrupt the change is at the end. I do agree that the translation with an interpreter may be a factor to why Black Hawk's message may be unclear at times, but I think there is more to it.
    When Black Hawk surrenders and becomes a prisoner-of-war, he undergoes a transition that changes his attitude and perception about white society and assimilation. After most of his life was dedicated to fighting and fending off the whites, Black Hawk seeks friendship with them after his trip to the Eastern part of the United States. I think this transition he undergoes is the reason for why he wrote his autobiography, a way to vindicate his life in the eyes of his white audience.

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  4. I definitely agree with your last line. "The transition he undergoes is the reason for why he wrote his autobiography." As I am writing in my final paper (as presented today in class), the underlying purpose behind Black Hawk's writing is to rid his character from misrepresentation. At the ending of the autobiography, there was an obvious shift in the way Black Hawk percieved Americans in the beginning of the book. He definitely displays the fact that he has warmed up to their culture and accepted them as a society. As a result, he felt compelled to write a book in order to justify his actions. He does not feel as if he was wrong in his actions, but he definitely finds it necessary to explain his train of thought so that he was not viewed in a negative light among his new peers.

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